Initials

BoPoMoFo

Hanyu Pinyin

Sound

Pronunciation Notes

b

Like b in boo

Without air jet

}Sound pair

p

Like p in poof

With air jet

m

Like m in moo



f

Like f in food



d

Like d in done

Without air jet

}Sound pair

t

Like t in ton

With air jet

n

Like n in none



l

Like l in love



g

Like g in give

Without air jet

}Sound pair

k

Like k in kiss

With air jet

h

Throaty h as in loch



j

Like j in jump

Without air jet

}Sound triplet

q

Like ch in check

With air jet

x

Like sh in shoe


z

Like ds is ads

Without air jet

}Sound triplet

c

Like ts in its

With air jet

s

Like s in soup


zhi

Like j in jacques

Without air jet

}Sound quartet

chi

Like ch in chew

With air jet

shi

As in sure


ri

Like sure in leisure


Finals

a

Like a in father

But shorter


o

Like a in law



e

Like uh



ie

Like ye in yes

Say with just a hint of the last vowel


ai

like i in bite


ei

Like ay in play


ao

Like ow in cow


ou

Like o in go


an

Like ahn



en

Like un in under



ang

Like ahng



eng

Like ung in dung



er

Like ur in fur



i

Like er in wonder

After z,c,s,zh,ch,sh,r


Like ee in glee

Written as yi by itself

一ㄚ

ia

Like ya in yard

y”replaces “i”at the beginning of syllables when there is no initial consonant

(i.e. “ya” instead of “ia”)


一ㄠ

iao

Like eow in meow


一ㄡ

iu

Like yo


一ㄢ

ian

Like yen


一ㄣ

in

in


一ㄤ

iang

Like yahng


一ㄥ

ing

Like ing in bingo


ㄩㄥ

iong

Like yohng


wu

Like oo in moo

w” replaces “u”at the beginning of syllables when there is no initial consonant


ㄨㄚ

ua

Like ua in suave


ㄨㄛ

uo

Say oo-woh fast


ㄨㄞ

uai

Like wi in swipe


ㄨㄟ

ui

Like way


ㄨㄢ

uan

Like wahn


ㄨㄣ

un

Like oon in pontoon


ㄨㄤ

uang

Say oo-wahng fast


ㄨㄥ

ong

Like ong in kong



ü

Like eu in pneumonia

Written as“yu”when complete syllable


ㄩㄝ

üe

Say yu-eh fast

Written as“yue”when complete syllable


ㄩㄢ

üan

Say yu-en fast

Written as“yuan”when complete syllable


ㄩㄣ

ün

Say yu-un fast

Written as“yun”when complete syllable